Constraint
DE: Einschraenkung
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project.
Detailed Explanation
A constraint is a limiting factor affecting project execution. The classic triple constraint identifies scope, schedule, and cost as primary constraints, though modern PM also considers quality, resources, and risk.
Constraints are interrelated — changing one impacts others. Reducing timeline often requires more resources or reduced scope. Understanding these trade-offs is fundamental to effective PM.
Constraints are documented in the charter and scope statement. The PM must continuously manage trade-offs and communicate impacts to stakeholders.
Key Points
- Classic triple constraint: scope, schedule, cost
- Modern view adds quality, resources, risk
- Interrelated — changing one impacts others
- Documented in charter and scope statement
- PM must manage trade-offs transparently
- Fundamental to project decision-making
Practical Example
A retailer needs an e-commerce platform before Black Friday (fixed schedule). The scope includes 20 features but the team estimates 24 weeks for a 16-week timeline. Options: (A) Reduce to 14 features, (B) Add 4 contractors at EUR 80K, (C) Accept post-Black Friday launch. The sponsor chooses A.
Tips for Learning and Applying
Identify constraints early — ideally in the charter
Present trade-off options to stakeholders, not just problems
Use the triple constraint triangle as a visual tool
Re-evaluate constraints at each phase gate
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